Inferring Power Grid Information with Power Line Communications: Review and Insights

High-frequency signals were widely studied in the last decade to identify grid and channel conditions in PLNs. PLMs operating on the grid's physical layer are capable of transmitting such signals to infer information about the grid. Hence, PLC is a suitable communication technology for SG applications, especially suited for grid monitoring and surveillance. In this paper, we provide several contributions: 1) a classification of PLC-based applications; 2) a taxonomy of the related methodologies; 3) a review of the literature in the area of PLC Grid Information Inference (GII); and, insights that can be leveraged to further advance the field. We found research contributions addressing PLMs for three main PLC-GII applications: topology inference, anomaly detection, and physical layer key generation. In addition, various PLC-GII measurement, processing, and analysis approaches were found to provide distinctive features in measurement resolution, computation complexity, and analysis accuracy. We utilize the outcome of our review to shed light on the current limitations of the research contributions and suggest future research directions in this field.Comment: IEEE Communication Surveys and Tutorials Journa

Optimization of effective area spectral efficiency for wireless communications systems under Nakagami-m fading channels

In this paper, we present an optimization of the effective area spectral efficiency (EASE) metric for point-to-point transmission systems, and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying communications networks under Nakagami-m fading channels. For each transmission mode, we derive a closed-form expression for the maximum transmission range and use it to derive the average affected area, and the average ergodic capacity. We then introduce the EASE expression to quantify the spatial spectral utilization efficiency. For DF relaying, the EASE metric is based on a newly introduced index, namely, useful relaying index (URndx), which is used to validate the communication possibility between a source and a relay for given transmission parameters in a given environment, and provides information about the necessity of using relaying communications. Based on the expression of EASE, we derive the optimal transmission powers that maximize the EASE for each mode. Through mathematical analysis and numerical examples, we show that the EASE metric provides a new perspective on the design of wireless transmissions, especially the transmission power optimization process. 2016 IEEE.Scopu

Modelling and performance analysis of 3-D heterogeneous cellular networks

Cellular networks are usually described by two-dimensional (2-D) models. These models are appropriate for rural or suburban areas but are not suitable for dense urban environments, where a large number of heterogeneous small cells are deployed to satisfy the rapid increase in mobile subscribers and communication service demands. In this paper, a new general 3-D model for heterogeneous cellular networks is proposed. The 3-D Poisson point process (PPP) is used to describe the positions of the picocells and femtocells in the network. We derive the average coverage probability expressions of downlink heterogeneous cellular networks for a given set of parameters. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to evaluate the analytical results and the advantage of the proposed 3-D model when compared to the traditional 2-D model. The results confirm the accuracy of the proposed model which presents an efficient description and tractable model of dense small cells deployment in heterogeneous cellular networks. 2016 IEEE.Scopu

Modeling and Performance Analysis of 3-D Heterogeneous Networks with Interference Management

This letter proposes a general 3-D model for heterogeneous networks (HetNets). The model uses stochastic geometry to describe the different network nodes' positions in a 3-D space. In addition, a new transmission scheme is proposed to mitigate the interference problem, and the corresponding coverage probability expression in general $K$-tier HetNets is derived. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to confirm the analytical result, the accuracy of the proposed 3-D model, and the advantage of the new scheme in enhancing interference management for HetNets.Scopu

Modeling and performance analysis of D2D communications with interference management in 3-D HetNets

In this paper, a general 3-D model for K-tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is proposed to investigate the performances of device-to-device (D2D) communications in highrise centers. The new model is based on stochastic geometry, where a 3-D Mat'ern hard- core process (MHCP) is used to describe the different cells positions in the network with realistic constraints. We derive the expressions of average successful transmission probability (STP) for D2D and standard cellular (SC) communications with different well known interference management techniques. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to evaluate the analytical results. These results confirm the accuracy of the proposed model which presents an efficient description and tractable model to evaluate the performance of dense small cells deployment in HetNets.Scopu

Interference management schemes for multi-user cooperative wireless networks

Cooperative communication is a promising technique for future wireless networks. It can be used in improving communication reliability and enhancing spectrum efficiency by using the broadcast nature of radio communication and exploiting cooperative diversity. However, its performance gain degrades in the presence of co-channel interference, which makes it essential to propose interference mitigation schemes. In this paper, we introduce three cooperative communication schemes with interference management for multi-user cooperative wireless networks. The first scheme (best relay selection) is used as a performance benchmark because it completely avoids the interference problem by using the Frequency-Division Multiple Access technique. The second scheme (best available relay selection) maximizes the received signal-to-noise ratio while keeping the interference levels below a certain threshold, and the third scheme (General Order Relay and User Selection) is based on iterative resource allocation algorithm. We derive exact closed-form expressions of average bit error probability, outage probability, and average consumed power for the proposed schemes. Simulations are used to validate the analytical results. The results confirm the advantage of the proposed cooperation schemes in enhancing the system performance and improving the interference management. Copyright 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Scopu

Optimization of base stations density for hybrid energy based 3-D wireless networks

Hybrid energy supply (HES) based wireless communication systems have recently emerged as a new paradigm to enable green networks, which are powered by both the traditional and harvested energies. In this paper, we propose a hybrid energy based communication scheme for 3-D wireless networks in a dense urban area. The proposed scheme is based on hybrid energy source, where harvested energy from ambient radio frequency signals and traditional energy from electric grid coexist at the mobile users. We derive the expressions of the average power consumption gain (APCG) and the average ergodic capacity (AEC) of the proposed scheme. Based on the derived expressions, and to better exploit the advantage of the proposed scheme, the base stations (BSs)' density is optimized in terms of APCG and power spectral efficiency (PSE). Numerical results are conducted to evaluate the advantage of the proposed scheme and to confirm the optimization of the BS's density.Scopu